Data spaces, AI factories, and data labs are set to play a key role in building a European economy based on data and AI. Although they are often treated as separate initiatives, their true potential is realized when they work in tandem, combining reliable data, computing capabilities, and services to prepare and enrich data.

Data spaces provide exchange environments based on trust, sovereignty, governance, and control over data use, while AI factories provide infrastructure and specialized expertise to develop AI solutions. Data labs act as a bridge between these two ecosystems, facilitating the preparation, cleaning, enrichment, and interoperability of data. Their integration can drive new services and business models, ranging from federated learning to multi-domain analysis and AI applications that require data distributed across different ecosystems.